In the largest available study in NAFLD, Al-Serri et al. examined a possible association between SOD2 genotype and susceptibility to NASH using two complementary approaches: a family study in which they analyzed trios consisting of children with fibrotic NAFLD and their two parents, and a classical case-control allelic association study in unrelated patients with NAFLD of varying severity. The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.