PTH and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In contrast, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels [45], which stimulate the 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) enzyme that converts 25(OH)D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (the active hormonal form), have been found to be elevated in obesity [46], which could to some extent also contribute to the lower 25(OH)D concentrations in obese individuals.