The human genome encodes two closely related TAF1 orthologs, TAF1 and TAF1L, which together are mutated in >10% of colon adenocarcinoma and >20% of lung squamous cell carcinoma [TCGA data via MSKCC www.cbioportal.org/public_portal (The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network 2012)]. This evidence concerns the gene TAF1 and colon adenocarcinoma.