Hence just two up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-125b) and miRNA-146a can explain many of the pathogenic effects in AD including synaptic and neurotrophic deficits (SYN-2, 15-LOX), astrogliosis (CDKN2A), immune and inflammatory signaling (CFH, IRAK-1), and amyloidogenesis (TSPAN12; Lukiw and Alexandrov, 2012; Lukiw et al., 2012a,b; Figure 2). Here, TSPAN12 is linked to Alzheimer disease.