Pioglitazone also reduces the levels of C-reactive protein and a number of inflammatory markers that are increased in T2D, while increasing adiponectin, which adds to its insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic potential.33–35 However, in spite of the ample preclinical and clinical evidence based on intermediate endpoints, the results from large randomized controlled studies with clear clinical endpoints have not fully met expectations. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.