AKT1 and neoplasm: Thus, kinase cascades aberrantly boosted in neoplasms such as the PI-3K/Akt pathway funnel signals that inhibit GSK-3 and keep HK II bound to the mitochondrial surface, which maintains the PTP locked contributing to the anti-apoptotic phenotype of tumor cells; whereas GSK-3 activation lowers the threshold for cell death induction by favoring mitochondrial detachment of HK II and the ensuing PTP opening.