NOS3 and Hyperglycemia: Oxidative phosphorylation, glucose autoxidation, increased lipoxygenase expression, changes in the regulation and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms (endothelial NOS–eNOS, inducible NOS–iNOS, e neuronal NOS–nNOS) and ONOO− production [10] are some of the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia can generate RONS (Figure 1).