RV-1B infection in healthy pBECs did not cause an up-regulation of the inflammatory genes IL-6 and TNF-α, however RV-1B infection led to a significant up-regulation of IL-6 (Figure 2A), but not TNF-α (Figure 2B) from media control in COPD pBECs. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.