In lung cancer, in particular, p53 mutations arise early on, since p53 accumulation was detected in pre-neoplastic lesions such as bronchial dysplasia [9] and serum p53Abs were found in isolated cases of both heavy smokers and patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), at high risk of lung and other tobacco-related cancers, several months before the diagnosis of cancer [10,11]. Here, TP53 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.