INS and Insulin resistance: Since the current data show that glycocalyx degradation may not only be a consequence of hyperglycemia [56], [57], but that it may also directly compromise insulin-mediated uptake of glucose from the circulation by impairing the insulin-mediated capillary blood volume increase in muscle, loss of glycocalyx may be a common factor in the established relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in patients and experimental animals [58], [59].