TGFB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Furthermore, recent reports indicate that mutations in the BMPR2 gene and inflammatory responses are linked, together contributing to the pulmonary hypertension phenotype: Dr. Morrell and colleagues, examining smooth muscle cells isolated from patients who carry a BMPR2 mutation found an abnormal inflammatory phenotype in these cells that contributed to the abnormal responses to TGFβ [8].