In addition to genes coding for lipases, Pnliprp1, Pnliprp2, Cel, and Pnlip, those encode peptidases such as Ctrl, Cpb1, Ctrb1, Prss2, Cpa2, and Cpa1 constitute the constellation of genes that may impact T1D pathogenesis. The gene discussed is CPA1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.