Lipopolysaccharide is recognized by TLR4 and CD14, and both are upregulated in melioidosis (P = 0.0016 and 1.5 × 10–6, respectively); however, TLR4 and CD14 are also upregulated in tuberculosis (P = 1.5 × 10–6 and 9.4 × 10–4). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is tuberculosis.