In addition to IL-23, we identified another key molecule, IL-22RA1, which is necessary for signal transmission; the localization was similar to IL-23 and it was identically overexpressed in tumor and intestinal epithelial cells of UC (CC vs. Normal control, P = 0.0044, P < 0.01, and UC vs. Normal control, P = 0.0084, P < 0.01, CC vs. UC, P = 0.0072, P < 0.01, by Mann–Whitney U test), whereas it was nearly negative in normal colon tissues (7/40)(Figure A2, B4-B6). This evidence concerns the gene IL22RA1 and neoplasm.