DPP4 and metabolic syndrome: Further, DPP4 mRNA abundance analysis revealed that the DPP4 gene was equally expressed (log10-transformed) in the VAT of MetS− and MetS+ subjects in the present study when sex was included in the model (P = 0.21), which was also the case in sex-specific analyses (Men: P = 0.64; Women: P = 0.06; data not shown).