AKT1 and cancer: Moreover, activating Ras mutations, EGFR overexpression, and phosphorylation of Akt and phosphoinositide-3-kinase have been found as being associated with radioresistance in vitro and, with respect to EGFR and Akt, to the failure of radiotherapy in cancer patients (Gupta et al., 2002, 2003; McKenna et al., 2003).