Finally, to determine whether the increase in IFN-γ, TNF-α and CCL3 following TLR2/1 stimulation was specific to lung CD8+ T cells from COPD subjects, we also exposed lung CD8+ CD56- cells from control subjects to Pam3CSK4 (Figure 6A-D). The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.