EIF2AK2 and infection: Several studies have indicated a positive role for PKR in regulating IFNs following infection by vaccinia virus [32], Measles virus [33], West Nile virus (WNV) [30], Semliki Forest virus [34], human parainfluenza virus type 1 [35], lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) [36], and rotavirus [37].