Family X samples differed from both non-X PanINs and PDACs in the deregulation of a number of genes involved in insulin signalling and diabetes (INSR, IRS1 and 2, IGF1, IGFBP2-BP7, CASR, ADIPOQ and NR5A2); this is illustrated in Figure S2 and S3, with accompanying discussion). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.