Consistent with the immunohistochemistry results, infection with wild-type strain PMSS1 or the PMSS1 cagE− isogenic mutant induced similar increases in the percentage of KLF5+ cells and levels of KLF5 protein (Figure 5A and 5B), confirming that induction of KLF5 occurs in a cagE-independent manner. The gene discussed is DDX53; the disease is infection.