Nogueira et al. (2010) have also shown that PTEN loss in a mutant RAS background can result in the selective activation of AKT2. This up-regulation of AKT2 was found to contribute to the increase in cell transformation, invasiveness of melanoma cells and a reduction in E-cadherin expression. In addition, using a complementary genetic approach, a dominant negative mutant of AKT2 led to a decrease in the invasiveness of the melanoma cells (Nogueira et al., 2010). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is melanoma.