BRAF and melanoma: Of the over 40 BRAF activating mutations identified, the BRAFV600E mutation is the most common, and accounts for 92% of BRAF mutations in sporadic melanomas and 82% of benign nevi, implying that it might be involved in the progression from a benign to a cancerous state (Davies et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2003; Pollock et al., 2003a).