Similarly, Nogueira et al. (2010) found that ∼14% of the human melanomas they analyzed had an NRAS mutation in addition to loss of PTEN. It is possible that a small population that harbors both RAS and PTEN mutations has escaped from signaling through the PI3K pathway and instead its tumorigenic properties are driven by the MAPK pathway. The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is melanoma.