HRAS and breast cancer: Instead, the implication of the RAS proteins [114] and of their effectors (such as RIN1 [115] or BNIP3 [116], both effectors of HRAS) in BC is widely accepted: approximately 13% of specimens has a mutation in one of the components of the RAS gene family (HRAS, NRAS, KRAS2) and one report shows that RAS and FGFR3 (see below) mutations are mutually exclusive in BC [117].