IGF1 and cancer: Our results have revealed additional pathways, particularly cancer-associated pathways such as the AR, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3 K/AKT, VEGF, and IGF-1 signaling pathways (see Figure 1), which were statistically overrepresented with differentially expressed genes identified in AA PCa versus AA patient-matched normal prostate, but not in CA PCa versus CA patient-matched normal prostate comparisons.