IGF1 and posterior cortical atrophy: As was the case in the AA PCa versus AA patient-matched normal comparison (Supplemental Figure S2a), IPA identified the AR signaling pathway as being overrepresented in the AA PCa versus CA PCa assessment, along with a number of other signaling pathways such as the protein ubiquitination, Wnt/β-catenin, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (PI3 K/AKT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-regulated growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways (Figure 1).