In a study with filariasis patients, lymphedema was associated with a deficiency in the expression of Foxp3, GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-related protein), TGF-β, and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), known to be expressed by Treg cells [26], while in children infected with intestinal nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in addition to generalized T-cell hyporesponsiveness were found [27, 28]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is filariasis.