We and others have shown that soluble plasma markers of innate immune activation including soluble CD163 (sCD163) [17], [19], soluble CD14 (sCD14) [20], CXCL10 (also known as interferon inducible protein 10 or IP-10) [8], [17], [21] and neopterin [17], [22] are elevated in HIV infection. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and HIV infectious disease.