In particular, JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK pathways have been shown to play an important role in neuronal apoptosis in various models including neurotoxicity, diabetes, neurotrophic deprivation or excessive proNGF in vitro[1], [18]–[21] and in vivo[2], [7], [22]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is diabetes mellitus.