This uncoupling effect enables homologue-specific and tissue-specific functions such as thermogenesis (UCP1), regulation of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism and transport (UCP2 and UCP3), attenuation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria (UCP1–3), and regulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (UCP2), all of which are mechanisms associated with T2DM pathogenesis [5], [7], [9], [12]. The gene discussed is UCP1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.