H2AX and urinary bladder carcinoma: As previously described [30], we found that the ability of genistein and HCPT to synergistically induce DNA damage in bladder cancer cells via ATM activation was dependent on NBS1, as the NBS1 inhibitor mirin specifically abrogated HCPT- and genistein-induced ATM/H2AX binding and NBS1/H2AX binding (Fig. 2D).