TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: It has been reported that T10 could be useful in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis [23], and increasing evidence shows that T10 can inhibit glia activation in rat models of Parkinson's [20, 38] and Alzheimer's diseases [39] by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory and cytotoxic factors, such as TNF-α and IL-1β.