In March 2006, at the same time that the IPASS study started, two phase III trials, the North East Japan (NEJ) 002 study and the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group (WJTOG) 3405 [16, 17], were initiated, which compared gefitinib with standard chemotherapy in first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC (Table 2). Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.