APOA1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It has been shown that the impaired HDL and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) function contributes, at least in part, to the development of T2DM-mediated atherosclerotic vascular disease[4-6].The growing evidence indicates that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and HDL exhibit their biological activities, either alone or in a combined version [7-9].