Of these, angiogenin, CXCL16, HB-EGF, endothelin-1, IGFBP-2, pentraxin-3, PIGF, serpin E1, TIMP-1, thrombospondin-1 and uPA were detected in both SS-AF-MSC-CM and BMSC-CM, while angiopoietin-2, DPPIV, EGF, endoglin, endostatin FGF-basic, IL-8, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and MMP-9 were found in both SS-AF-MSC-CM and hDF-CM. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.