Specifically, low adiponectin levels have been associated with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and increased intramyocellular fat.110 High leptin concentrations have also been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome in adults.111 Moreover, factor analyses of plasma leptin concentrations and the variables that are considered relevant to metabolic syndrome revealed a clustering of plasma leptin concentrations with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.112. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Insulin resistance.