When the stage I PC subjects were placed in the comparison group (leaving stage II, III, and IV PC subjects as the ‘cases’), hemoglobin, age, PSA, hematuria, and RBC count demonstrated statistically significant relationships with the PC positive cases (when compared to the comparison group: stage I PC, PIN, BPH, and prostatitis) (Table 4). Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.