The specific role of HDAC6 in NDs is discussed and the impact of HDAC6 modulation via inhibition, induction and interaction with other proteins in various diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD) and Huntington’s (HD), frontotemporal dementia (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is discussed. The gene discussed is HDAC6; the disease is Alzheimer disease.