AFF1 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Enforced expression of MLL-AF4 alone is incapable of transforming human CD34+ cord blood (Montes et al., 2011), and mouse models expressing MLL-AF4 alone are not fully representative of the human disease, instead producing B-cell lymphomas (Chen et al., 2006; Metzler et al., 2006) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or precursor B-ALLs (pre-B-ALLs) (Krivtsov et al., 2008).