CCL5 and Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome: MMP-9 is a major secretion product of macrophages and a component of cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils [6], and is also secreted by lymphocytes and fibroblasts [7] and vascular SMC [8] upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-beta1, IL-1, TNF-α, MCP-1 and RANTES, etc. Our previous study had shown the role of RANTES in CAN [9].