The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a TGF-β neutralizing antibody, 1D11, in a rat model of TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, accompanied with the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) that recapitulates the histological features and progression of human CCA [20]–[21]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.