However, this IKKβ-mediated M1 suppression only occurred in a short time period early in infection, as by day 6 there was a shift toward M2a activation as indicated by increases in F4/80+ CD206+ staining in coordination with several other M2a-associated markers (Fig. 9B–D) including: IL-10, a 2 fold increase P = 0.0019; FIZZ1, a 6 fold increase P = 0.0085; and Arg-1, a 9 fold increase P = 0.0041). This evidence concerns the gene IKBKB and infection.