The recently published PIVOT trial by Wilt et al. investigating prostate cancer mortality with observation (also called active surveillance (AS)) versus radical prostatectomy (RP) defined low-risk prostate cancer as a PSA value ≤10 ng/mL, a Gleason grade of ≤6, and a stage T1a-c or T2a tumor [7]. Here, KLK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.