TNF and asthma: The suppression of all the symptoms of asthma in the present study was associated with reduced levels of various Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), with reduced levels of various Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL13) and with reduced levels of a Th17 cytokines (IL-17F) in splenocytes (Figure 4).