TNF and allergic asthma: The results showed an increase in splenocyte production of various Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and various Th1 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), while Th17 cytokines were found to be significantly attenuated in splenocytes (P < 0.01) of the OVA-allergic asthma mice pretreated with 10 mg/day/mouse of VA powder (Figure 4).