SNCA and Parkinson disease: There is evidence from both human but mostly from in vitro and animal models that DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNA-mediated mechanisms, could modify the expression of PD-related genes such as the alpha-synuclein gene, DJ-1, LRRK2, and parkin-gene, and thereby contributing to the development of the disease (Marques et al., 2011; Coppede, 2012).