From in vivo studies, Wagner et al. [31] reported that both ATRA and 13-cis-RA significantly reduced glomerular α-SMA and alleviated glomerular proliferation, glomerular lesions, and albuminuria in a Thy1.1-induced mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis rat model. Here, ACTA1 is linked to glomerulonephritis.