CXCR4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: It was also shown that RNAi-induced knockdown of VEGF-C suppresses cell growth, invasion and migration in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells; moreover, down-regulation of VEGF-C is accompanied by decreased signaling of ERK, p38 and Akt pathways that are mediated via CXCR4, CCR7, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 [39].