In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by activated T helper cells, can promote lymphangiogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF-C expression, in part through activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway [52]. The gene discussed is VEGFC; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.