At 1 dpi, a statistical difference in the upregulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon-γ (IFNγ) was observed between NiV-M and NiV-B infections, with higher expression of these genes in response to NiV-M. Here, TNF is linked to infection.