Furthermore, the roles of intracellular TrxR activity, TrxR1 and Trx protein expression levels in cell apoptosis, were also investigated, and the results showed that the cellular redox status, as well as the TrxR1 activity rather than its expression level, were closely related to the anticancer of SeC and AF in combination. The gene discussed is TXNRD1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.