CTLA4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In addition, anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have been shown to induce autoantibodies in mice [48] and CTLA-4 specific autoantibodies have been found in sera from patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Behçet’s disease and Sjögren’s syndrome [49].