However, the most direct clinical evidence yet for IL-1β's role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has been obtained by antagonizing or neutralizing IL-1β: Treatment of Type2 diabetes patients with Anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra) linked this ubiquitous inflammatory cytokine mainly to the pancreatic beta-cell demise that is required for diabetes to manifest [4]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and diabetes mellitus.