FTO and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: While several studies showed an association between FTO SNPs and obesity-related phenotypes in Hispanic [5], [6], [18], [19] and Asian populations [20]–[26], studies of African or African American (AA) subjects showed limited support for some of the most consistent FTO GWAS findings initially identified in subjects of European descent [2], [5], [6], [14], [18], [19], [27]–[32].