Finally, there is some initial evidence that miR-9 may be up-regulated in response to interleukin-1B (IL-1β) and Aβ42 induced nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1 (NF-κB), implying that this miRNA may be involved in the AD inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways (Lukiw, 2012). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.